The Energy Transition in North Korea

North Korea's energy and resource sectors are deeply shaped by its mineral wealth and the country’s isolated position in the global market. Rich in critical minerals such as graphite, iron, and copper, North Korea has the potential to play a significant role in global supply chains for clean energy technologies, including batteries and renewable energy systems. However, due to geopolitical risks and international sanctions, the country faces significant challenges in developing its mineral resources and accessing global markets. North Korea’s energy mix is heavily reliant on coal, with some hydropower generation, while efforts to diversify remain limited due to the country's infrastructure constraints. Despite these challenges, North Korea’s substantial reserves of minerals like zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten offer potential for future economic development, provided the country can navigate its geopolitical isolation and engage in more sustainable and responsible resource management. The country’s reliance on coal and limited engagement in international ESG frameworks further complicate its energy transition, making its role in the global energy shift uncertain.