The Energy Transition in Armenia

Armenia is strategically positioned in the global energy transition, with its rich mineral reserves and renewable energy potential playing a significant role in its development. The country’s mineral wealth, including barium, copper, molybdenum, and gold, is critical for clean energy technologies, particularly in battery production and other green technologies. Armenia is focusing on diversifying its energy mix, combining nuclear, natural gas, and hydropower sources to meet growing energy demands and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. While its mineral extraction capabilities are key to Armenia's economic growth, the country faces regional dynamics and geopolitical challenges that influence its energy and resource policies. Armenia’s strategic alliances and challenges are shaped by its proximity to key regional powers such as Russia, Turkey, and Iran. As a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), Armenia maintains strong ties with Russia, which provides military support and energy supplies. Armenia’s ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan, particularly over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, complicates regional relations and impacts energy infrastructure. Additionally, Armenia is strengthening its economic and political ties with the European Union (EU) through the Eastern Partnership (EaP), aiming to open avenues for energy diversification and critical mineral investments. These geopolitical factors influence Armenia's energy policies and mineral development, making regional stability and international cooperation essential for its energy transition and long-term growth.